{"id":407,"date":"2013-05-04T18:47:17","date_gmt":"2013-05-04T18:47:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mariachappuis.com\/blog\/?p=407"},"modified":"2017-03-18T01:36:12","modified_gmt":"2017-03-18T06:36:12","slug":"uncovering-dark-oxidants-and-the-dangerous-effect-they-have-on-life","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mariachappuis.com\/blog\/archivos\/407","title":{"rendered":"Uncovering Dark Oxidants And The Dangerous Effect They Have On Life"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_409\" style=\"width: 442px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mariachappuis.com\/blog\/archivos\/407\/image-43-617x416\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-409\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-409\" class=\" wp-image-409 \" alt=\"Image Caption: Superoxide-producing bacteria live in dark places like the depths of Elkhorn Slough, California. Credit: Scott Wankel, WHOI \" src=\"http:\/\/www.mariachappuis.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Image-43-617x416.jpg\" width=\"432\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mariachappuis.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Image-43-617x416.jpg 617w, https:\/\/mariachappuis.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Image-43-617x416-300x202.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-409\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image Caption: Superoxide-producing bacteria live in dark places like the depths of Elkhorn Slough, California. Credit: Scott Wankel, WHOI<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!--more-->Of all the things that could be hazardous to your health, would you believe breathing oxygen makes the list?<\/p>\n<p>Our bodies produce toxic chemicals in our cells, called oxidants, which we fight naturally and with foods that contain <a href=\"http:\/\/www.redorbit.com\/topics\/antioxidants\/\" target=\"_blank\">antioxidants<\/a> like blueberries and dark chocolate. All forms of life that breathe oxygen must fight oxidants to live, even those forms we can\u2019t see with a naked eye, such as bacteria. \u201cIf they don\u2019t,\u201d says scientist Colleen Hansel of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.whoi.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\">WHOI<\/a>), \u201cthere are consequences: <a id=\"_GPLITA_0\" title=\"Click to Continue &gt; by CouponDropDown\" href=\"http:\/\/www.redorbit.com\/news\/science\/1112838163\/dark-oxidants-lakes-oceans-soils-dangerous-life-050413\/#\">cancer<\/a> and premature aging in humans, death in microorganisms.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>There are also environmental oxidants, such as <a href=\"http:\/\/www.redorbit.com\/topics\/superoxide\/\" target=\"_blank\">superoxide<\/a>. Neutralizing environmental oxidants, though, were only a worry for organisms that dwell in sunlight \u2013 such habitats cover a mere five percent of the planet. Until now, those habitats were the only place such environmental oxidants were thought to exist.<\/p>\n<p>The first light-independent source of superoxide has been discovered by a research team \u2014 including scientists from WHOI, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.harvard.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\">Harvard<\/a> University, and the Colorado School of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mines.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\">Mines<\/a> \u2014 who say the key is bacteria common in the depths of the oceans and other dark places.<\/p>\n<p>These bacteria are oxygen breathing organisms, just like humans. \u201cAnd they\u2019re everywhere\u2013literally,\u201d says Hansel. The study findings, published in the journal <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/early\/2013\/05\/01\/science.1237331\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Science Express<\/em><\/a>, expand the known sources of superoxide to the 95 percent of the planet\u2019s \u201cdark\u201d habitats. Surprisingly, 90 percent of the bacteria tested produced superoxide in the dark.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSuperoxide has been linked with light, such that its production in darkness was a real mystery,\u201d says Deborah Bronk of the National Science Foundation\u2019s (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nsf.gov\" target=\"_blank\">NSF<\/a>) Division of Ocean Sciences (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/div\/index.jsp?org=OCE\" target=\"_blank\">OCE<\/a>), which co-funded the research with NSF\u2019s Division of Earth Sciences.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis finding shows that bacteria can produce superoxide in the absence of light,\u201d says Bronk.<\/p>\n<p>Hansel says the bacteria are found \u201cmiles beneath the seafloor, in hot fluids coming from underwater volcanoes, in every type of underground soil and throughout deep lake and ocean waters.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>More of these bacteria are present in a thimble of seawater or soil than the human population of San Francisco, and they are all releasing huge amounts of superoxide.<\/p>\n<p>On Earth\u2019s surface, \u201csuperoxide can kill <a href=\"http:\/\/www.redorbit.com\/topics\/coral\/\" target=\"_blank\">corals<\/a>, turning them white,\u201d says Hansel. \u201cIt can also produce huge fish kills during red tides. But it\u2019s not always bad.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Superoxide also helps ocean microorganisms obtain the nutrients they need for survival, and it may remove the neurotoxin mercury from the sea. This would keep mercury out of fish, and off your dinner plate.<\/p>\n<p>Superoxide producing bacteria could account for the total amount of the chemical in the oceans, and are more likely the main source in dark environments.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat\u2019s a paradigm shift that will transform our understanding of the chemistry of the oceans, as well as of lakes and underground soils,\u201d says Hansel, \u201cand of the life forms that live in and depend on them.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><b>Source:<\/b> April Flowers for redOrbit.com &#8211; Your Universe Online<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[211,221,213,214,210,216,212,222,217,218,215,220,219],"class_list":["post-407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","tag-anions","tag-antioxidant","tag-chemistry","tag-colleen-hansel","tag-environment","tag-hyperlink","tag-matter","tag-microbiology","tag-microorganism","tag-oxygen","tag-peroxide","tag-physiology","tag-superoxide"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Uncovering Dark Oxidants And The Dangerous Effect They Have On Life<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Of all the things that could be hazardous to your health, would you believe breathing oxygen makes the list? 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